Where is Cambodia, Find the Exact Location of Cambodia

Where is Cambodia, Find the Exact Location of Cambodia

Cambodia, with a latitude of 13 (13° 0' 0 N) and a longitude of 105 (105° 0' 0 E), is a administrative region (independent political entity) located in Cambodia that is a part of Asia. The location is situated 0 kilometers north (0°) of the approximate center of Cambodia and 161 kilometers north (3°) of the captial Phnom Penh.

New statue of grandfather Battambong in Cambodia

New statue of grandfather Battambong in Cambodia 

I overheard the story of lok ta battambong statue years ago. The original statue was destroyed by Vietnamese installed government(CPP) after their invasion and they replaced a new statue with a black color which to depict the skin color of Khmer people. I don’t know if it’s true story but I am not surprise to hear such degrading on Khmer race, Vietnam has a history of looking down at other race…I  am not surprise at all.  If anyone have a full information about old and new statue of lok ta battambong, please share with us. I am still learning about Battambong and the statue.

How to Cleaning Our Homes

Cleaning the house are often a fun activity. however as simple because it could sound, some folks contemplate that housework is just for those folks that are diligent enough to identify even the slightest dirt. Some even regard house cleaning as a tedious job that extracts most of human energy, and if you do not do the chores with vogue and innovation, everything won't end up within the manner you would like it—a clean and tidy home.

As we have a tendency to all apprehend, if a home is not washed or cleaned on a hard and fast interval then when some years of staying there, you'll} see how the structure will lost its fine options or maybe the grandness of its façade. Painting but will never be the answer to provide a more moderen version of the house. an easy home laundry and cleaning will already perform its magic.

There are sure ways in cleaning a house to form it a lot of appealing and refined. one amongst these ways is to use the employment of pressurized and low pressure cleaning, some normal water cleaning and after all, chemical laundry. apart from the techniques, applying the correct cleansers that suits the house desires is likewise imperative.

The most common advanced manner of cleaning is thru pressurized laundry. it's utilised by major home cleaners and hastens the laundry procedure whereas cleaning the realm are tidy in a very faster amount. over thinning out the time, this technique is likewise fun; the brushes work with a good velocity absorbing in all the mud and alternative particles.

If you are trying to imagine, this scene looked as if it would be terribly enjoying and it's been established that it efficiently works over regular laundry. Another innovative technique in house cleaning is understood as chemical laundry. during this technique, you clean the house with some chemicals. Usually, we have a tendency to clean our homes with soft water to simply kind the lathers. however this method becomes totally different when chemicals are applied; the lathering ability enhances hence, it'll confiscate all the mud particles in a very snap. the foremost common chemicals employed in cleaning are Phosphorus and Sodium, that contains innate substances that contain powerful ions to fight dusts and assists in cleaning.

Electronic instruments also can be utilised as another innovative manner in removing dusts. There are devices like washer, utensil cleaners and a few floor sweepers that may do the cleaning for your home in a very quicker time. Also, there are alternative instruments used to manage complicated regions like corners that can't be cleaned by regular cleaning technique. Similarly, there are separate procedures of laundry the tiles, counter tops and slabs of your house. If you follow them, your living area can look cleaner than ever, and also the ways are fun and gratifying!

What is Google Adsense and how it works in Cambodia

• What is Google Adsense and how it works in Cambodia 


• Make money with adsense in South Africa and Vietnam 


• how to monetize your mobile site and make money 


• Increase Your Income With Google Adsense


• How to Make Money With Google Adsense in Cambodia


• How to make money blogging in Cambodia & Vietnam 

Why do you come to Cambodia?

why do you come to Cambodia?

That’s one of the most popular questions the girls like to ask me (we’re currently working on the past tense). I still haven’t been able to come up with a good answer to give them and that’s because I don’t really know why I came to Cambodia. It’s been six months since I boarded a plane headed for a country that only sounded vaguely familiar a year before that. I didn’t choose my location – the only decision I really made regarding this year was that I was going to the missions for a year. The first time I heard about the mission in Cambodia was at a future volunteer information session. My first question was, “Where’s that?” After getting an idea of the different sites, I remember going home and saying that I wanted to be completely open with whatever site was offered to me… but, given that I hadn’t even known what continent it was on, Cambodia was not really calling me. It just seemed like a whole other world that I would never be able to adapt to. 

Saturday mornings in a simpler time.

Laced Liberally throughout with:

Airlines servicing Phnom Penh International Airport

Airlines servicing Phnom Penh International Airport

• AirAsia (Kuala Lumpur)


• Thai AirAsia (Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi)


• Angkor Airlines (Taipei-Taiwan Taoyuan)


• Asiana Airlines (Seoul-Incheon)


• Bangkok Airways (Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi)


• Cathay Pacific


• Dragonair (Hong Kong)


• China Airlines (Taipei-Taiwan Taoyuan)


• China Southern Airlines (Beijing, Guangzhou)


• EVA Air (Taipei-Taiwan Taoyuan)


• Far Eastern Air Transport (cargo) (Taipei-Taiwan Taoyuan)


• Jetstar Asia Airways (Singapore)


• Korean Air (Seoul-Incheon)


• Malaysia Airlines (Kuala Lumpur)


• President Airlines (Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Ratanakiri)


• PMTair (Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Hanoi, Ratanakiri, Siem Reap, U-Tapao)


• Royal Khmer Airlines (Seoul-Incheon)


• Royal Phnom Penh Airways (Ratanakiri, Siem Reap)


• Shanghai Airlines (Shanghai-Pudong)


• Siem Reap Airways (Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Hong Kong, Siem Reap)


• Singapore Airlines


• SilkAir (Singapore)


• Thai Airways International (Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi)


• Transmile Air Services (Penang)


• Vietnam Airlines (Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Vientiane)

Cambodian traditional dance meaning Coconut Dance.

Cambodian traditional dance meaning Coconut Dance.

It happens.

Not to ME, but I hear it happens.....

Same Bust Cream

ALL NEW PROCESS!!! From La Form!

School's starting up again!

Have you met your new dorm mate yet?

Actually filmed under gun-fire!

The family china

 Schumann empress Dresden  Flowers

Downtown Los Angeles graffiti

While the hey day of graffiti in Los Angeles has passed and DTLA will never look like it did in the mid 80's and 90's one can still find graffiti hidden in the back streets and alleys of DTLA. These are some photographs taken this week.

Pochentong International Airport, Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Pochentong International Airport, Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Phnom Penh International Airport is the main airport of Cambodia and located about 10 km from the capital city, Phnom Penh. The airport was formerly called Pochentong International Airport.

The Death of Mary Queen of Scots

Blackwell for the gym

Do!

Don't!

Mucho Muchacho Mucho Cinema

 Is there any other name in film???

Liberace

 

In all his splendor, yet paling in comparison....

Why look! It's Susan Dey & Larry Bird!

Babbu Maan : Most awaited song of the year "MIL GAYI PIND DE MORH TE" Promos

Punjabi virsa 2011 gippy Grewal live performance in (HD)

Sharry Mann talking about Tim Hortons in Toronto

Sharry Mann - Ielts @ Canada's Wonderland

Geeta Zaildar - Kannian (Chitteh Suit Teh) @ Wonderland

A LOVE STORY ALFAAZ(MUSIC HONEY SINGH) NEW PUNJABI SONG 2011

Eid Punjabi Song - Alfaaj The Boy Next Door Punjabi Album ft Honey Singh

Main Bin Gur Dekhe Neend Na Aavai August 30, 2011,

Army Captain booked for job fraud on Bathinda resident

An Army captain has been booked by the police under Section 420 of the IPC for cheating a resident of Haji Rattan, Bathinda. Captain has been identified as PP Chauhan, who was earlier posted at the Field Workshop at Bathinda Cantt and now posted at 31 RR battalion, Udhampur.

In his complaint to the police, sewadar of gurdwara Haji Rattan Lakha Singh alleged that the Captain took money in lieu of giving job to his son in the Military Engineering Services (MES), for which the posts were advertised in 2010.

In his complaint to the police, Lakha alleged that the Captain visited gurdwara Talwandi Sabo in 2009 where he was deployed as sewadar.

“After making a round of gurdwara enquiring its history, the Captain offered to help me in any of the works related with the Army or the Bathinda cantonment. He offered the official and residential address and told to meet sometime,” said Lakha. 

Read More:http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110901/punjab.htm

.

Abolish post of Lambardar, says HC

The Punjab and Haryana High Court has made it clear that it wants the “ornamental” posts of lambardar to be abolished in the states of Punjab and Haryana. Justice Alok Singh minced no words to say lambardars were involved in identifying imposters substituting for dead or real landowners; and were a burden on the state exchequer.

“It has come to the notice of this court that nowadays lambardars are involved in different criminal cases for identifying imposters for the dead or the real landowners to grab their valuable land.
Read More:http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110901/punjab.htm

Name of sitting Akali MLA’s wife in FIR

As investigation into the infamous textbook scam could see many heads roll, the Punjab School Education Board (PSEB) authorities are in a fix over the name of Pavitar Pal Kaur, a former Secretary in the board and the wife of a sitting Akali MLA, figuring in the FIR registered by the police.

Pavitar Pal Kaur, at present Deputy Director (Field Programme), was Secretary of the board when the Rs 65-lakh textbook scam was detected in 2009.

The then Vice-Chairman of the board in his report sent to the police had mentioned that officials of the board had released payment of lakhs to two publishers, Bharat Offset Printers, Noida, and SB Printers, Noida, without getting the required number of textbooks of different classes. PSEB Chairman Dr Dalbir Singh Dhillon was not available for comments.

The payment was released on the basis of tampered documents submitted by the printers in connivance with certain board officials.

The case pertains to printing order of textbooks pertaining to academic year 2008-09, wherein two Noida-based printing firms were given the order to publish the same.

One of the firms supplied 40,000 less textbooks of maths (Punjabi medium) for Class VI. In one of the cases, the board has already released payments for the books that were never supplied, resulting in loss of lakhs of rupees.

Read More: http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110901/punjab.htm

Detail Information of Guru Granth Sahib Composition

Detail Information of Guru Granth Sahib Composition

Compilation of Guru Granth Sahib. Guru Arjan gave a central place of worship to the Sikhs in Harmandir Sahib. What now he wanted, a scripture for the Sikhs. So he collected bani from Bhai Mohan, the son of Guru Amar Das, the hymns of the first three Gurus and some Bhagats, and added to them the compositions of his father Guru Ramdas, and his own. He got the Adi Granth written by Bhai Gurdas. Guru Arjan gave the copy to Bhai Bano for binding. He took it for binding to Lahore and on the way prepared a copy. This is known as Bhai Bano’s copy. Guru Arjan got the original after binding. He installed the Holy Book at Harmandir Sahib in 1604.

Gurbani and Bhagatbani.

The major principle of compilation was that verses which praised God and denounced superstition and caste were to be included in the Holy Book. As regards the compositions of Bhagats, generally the same principle was observed. Guru Arjan included the verses of those who believed in the unity of God and brotherhood of man.

Contents of  Guru Granth Sahib:

The Contents The Granth Sahib also called Adi Granth contains compositions of the first five Gurus, the ninth Guru, fifteen Bhagats (Jai Dev, Nam Dev, Trilochan, Parmanand, Sadna, Ramanand, Beni, Dhanna, Pipa, Sain, Kabir, Ravidas, Farid, Surday, Bhikhan) and eleven Bhattas (Mathra, Jalap, Harbans, Talya, Salya, Bhal, Kulh Sahar, Nal, Kirat, Gayand, Sadrang).

Guru Granth Sahib as Literature:

Punjabi language is said to have emerged from Apbhransh about 1000 A.D. In the twelfth century, Baba Farid wrote his saloks in Lehndi dialect. During the next three centuries, India was attacked by muslim adventurers and, therefore, heroic verses known as known as Vars became popular. During this period, the Yogis developed a dialect of their own which was called the saint-language and contained terms of systems of Indian philoso-phy. There was very little literature worth the name before the Sikh Gurus. Moreover, Panjabi was regarded as a language of the vulgar by the aristocratic and Brahamanic sections of Hindu society. The Yogis also wrote in the Sanskrit. Some Sanskrit! saloks, are included in Guru Granth Sahib.

Readmore:http://connectbillions.in/pn/ludhiana/ludhiana-west/flahi-sahib/2010/10/26/gurmat-competition-detail-information-of-guru-granth-sahib-composition/

Punjab is rudderless, says PPP chief Manpreet

Punjab is rudderless and those at the helm of affairs lack the courage to take radical measures that are needed to revive the ailing state economy, observed Punjab People’s Party (PPP) chief Manpreet Singh Badal here today.

He was talking to mediapersons on the sidelines of an interactive session with party activists from urban constituencies at Guru Nanak Dev Bhawan. Manpreet said the state economy was in a shambles and populist policies being pursued by the ruling alliance were adding to the crisis.

Read more:http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110901/punjab.htm

Aise Marni Jo Mare Buhur Na Marna Hoye - Bhai Joginder Singh Riar

BADAL GREETS PEOPLE ON PARKASH PURAB OF SRI GURU GRANTH SAHIB

Punjab Chief Minister Parkash Singh Badal extended his felicitations to the people of Punjab on the 407th Parkash Purab of Sri Guru Granth Sahib.

In a message here, he underscored the need to disseminate the message and philosophy of Sri Guru Granth Sahib across the globe to foster the sense of harmony, oneness, peace and compassion among the mankind.

Read more: http://www.punjabmailonline.com/

Call Center jobs & Cambodia Part time jobs For English

• Call Center jobs & Cambodia Part time jobs For English


• Customer Service Jobs In Dubai 


• Part Time Jobs in Philippines 


• Jobs in Germany,Employment Opportunities 


• Jobs and Classified Ads in Cambodia


• Jobs in Customer Service based in South Africa


• BPO/Call Center jobs in Bangalore


• Metfone jobs Deputy Chief of Call Center in Phnom Penh


• Cambodia Volunteer Opportunities in Phnom Penh

Tips and Tricks for Decorating on a Budget

Are you able to produce a recent new look in your home? If thus, you would possibly be happy to find out that there are many belongings you will do to administer your home a face-lift while not having to interrupt the bank. In fact, with the following tips for decorating on a budget, you'll be able to get pleasure from a full new look while not having to pay an excellent deal of cash.

Decorating on a Budget Tip #1: Do-It-Yourself
You can save a major quantity of cash if you tackle your home decorating comes on your own. relying upon the dimensions of the project, you'll be able to save a whole lot or perhaps thousands of greenbacks by doing the work yourself. By taking what you have already got and easily creating it higher, you'll be able to get pleasure from a recent new look while not overspending. additionally, nothing beats the joys of taking over ahome decorating project and knowing that you simply did the project yourself.

Decorating on a Budget Tip #2: combine and Match
In order to make a high-end look, you would possibly need to do mixing and matching your costlier things with those who are more cost-effective. By investing a trifle extra money on a couple of key items, you'll be able to escape with adding those who are more cost-effective as a result of the higher-end item can pull all along.

Decorating on a Budget Tip #3: Play with Paint
You may be shocked by the distinction that a recent layer of paint will build. even though you don’t need to alter the colour, refinishing your paint can facilitate to decorate it copy and convey out the wealthy hues of the colour you've got selected. If you're prepared for a true amendment, however, you would possibly need to contemplate changing the colour fully. Of course, you may ought to take into account the remainder of your color theme when selecting a brand new color. If you decide a color that's still on your pallet of colours, however, simply painting the space a brand new color is that the best methodology for decorating on a budget.

Decorating on a Budget Tip #4: realize Some nice Sales
If you're able to do a trifle looking around, you'll be able to simply realize nice ornamental things that won’t value a full ton of cash. Some nice places to appear for used things include:

• Ebay
• Craigslist
• Auctions
• Flea Markets

Not solely are you able to realize outstanding costs at these locations, you would possibly conjointly realize an excellent vintage piece or one thing that's actually distinctive.

Decorating on a Budget Tip #5: Samples Sales
Sample sales may be an excellent thanks to get your hands on some designer décor while not having to pay designer costs. searching for concerning upcoming sample sales isn’t continually straightforward, thus you may very need to do your homework so as to search out out when and where they're going down. it's conjointly an honest plan to travel into the sample sales event with an inspiration. That way, you won’t get tired out before you get the things you're yearning for. Also, keep in mind that you simply can have less things to decide on from if you wait till near the tip of the event. At identical time, waiting till close to the tip of the sale can prevent even extra money as a result of some things are discounted even additional.

By following these easy tips for decorating on a budget, you'll be able to build your home look merely superb while not spending a full ton of cash.

CHAZ Interview at the MOCA

Chaz Bojorquez: les lettres de noblesse de Los... by Mediapart

ALWAYS ask someone you love

Before putting anything in your mouth.....(NO COMMENT)

Fleet's in!

Sailors on leave in New York, 1958

Educated gams

Janet Blair, Ann Miller, Adele Mara, 1940s, publicity shot for MGM via we had faces then

Surprise!

Are YOU willing to take a chance?

9X to launch Punjabi music channel Tashan on 31 August

9X Media, the company controlled by private equity firm New Silk Route, is launching its 24-hour contemporary Punjabi music channel, 9X Tashan, on 31 August.


The Punjabi channel's tagline is "Yaaran Da". It will have Punjabi music videos including folk, popular and Bollywood.
9X Tashan will be streamed live online on the channel's website, www.9xtashan.in, and on the mobile platform.


9X Tashan will have a theme song which has been recorded with singers and musicians from the Punjab region. The number, titled 'Tashan… Yaaran Da', has been recorded by singers including Wadali Brothers, Jaspinder Narula, Inderjeet Nikku, Nachhatar Gill, Feroz Khan, Jaidev Kumar, Sardool and Sikander.
The music is composed by Jaidev Kumar with lyrics by Baljinder S. Mahant, the programming head for 9X Tashan.

Indiantelevision.com had first reported that the Punjabi channel would be launched this month-end.

The channel will also air a series of humorous animated shows presented by animated characters who are part of the 9X Tashan Gang. The gang will entertain viewers with jokes, and anecdotes from Punjab.

The Bade-Chote animated characters on 9XM are now set to entertain the Punjabi speaking viewers with their animated show called Bakwaas Band Kar -- in a Punjabi avatar. Other characters include Bhabi, Falli -- Balli, and Ullu Da Patha.

9X Tashan will have to contest in a market that is flooded with channels like PTC Chak De, ETC Punjabi, Balle Balle, Lashkara and MH1. And to find distribution on cable networks, the channel has earmarked a budget of Rs 60 million on distribution in the Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh and Himachal Pradesh (PHCHP) markets.
The company believes that with a targeted approach, the channel will have an edge over the others. A senior sales executive said that even though the PHCHP belt is a B1 market for sectors like telecom, automobiles, beverages and FMCG, there is potential to expand the ad pie.

Read more:http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k11/aug/aug226.php#

FEELING

The word was first used in the English language to describe the physical sensation of touch through either experience or perception. The word is also used to describe experiences, other than the physical sensation of touch, such as "a feeling of warmth".


 In psychology, the word is usually reserved for the conscious subjective experience of emotion. Phenomenology and heterophenomenology are philosophical approaches that provide some basis for knowledge of feelings. Many schools of psychotherapy depend on the therapist achieving some kind of understanding of the client's feelings, for which methodologies exist. Some theories of interpersonal relationships also have a role for shared feelings or understanding of another person's feelings.[citation needed]

Sensitive, sculpture by Miquel Blay (1910)

Perception of the physical world does not necessarily result in a universal reaction among receivers (see emotions), but varies depending on one's tendency to handle the situation, how the situation relates to the receiver's past experiences, and any number of other factors. Feelings are also known as a state of consciousness, such as that resulting from emotions, sentiments or desires.

Read more:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feeling

World’s 7 billionth person about to be born

The billion-mark was reached only after 1800 AD. When Jesus was born, there are thought to have been around 300 million people on earth.

In the days ahead, a baby will be born who will take the global population above 7 billion for the first time, and in all probability that birth will take place in China or India, the two countries with more than a billion inhabitants.

No one is sure. There may already be 7 billion passengers on spaceship earth, as no statistician would be prepared to say exactly when this event of largely symbolic significance takes place.

The United Nations has fixed October 31 as the date of the fateful birth, but events have so often proved demographers wrong in the past that the expectation is that it will be sooner rather than later The rate of population growth has soared over the course of recorded history: When Jesus was born, there are thought to have been around 300 million people on earth.

The billion-mark was reached only after 1800. As many as a billion have been added in the eleven years of the 21st century alone, and predictions on future population growth are now treated with the same caution and scepticism as long-range weather forecasts.

David Bloom of the Harvard School of Public Health says that the multitude of unpredictable factors means that taking a global view is problematic.

“Among them are infectious diseases, war, scientific progress, political change and our capacity for global cooperation,” he says.

The general expectation is, however, that population growth will tail off, with U.N. predictions for 2050 ranging from 8.0 to 10.5 billion.

What is clear is that the proportions will shift between the continents, driven by high birth rates in Asia and Africa. Soon India, with 1.2 billion currently, will take the lead from China, with 1.3 billion, as the world’s most populous nation.

Read More :http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/article2412108.ece

India celebrates Eid -- from Kashmir to down south

Millions celebrated Eid on Wednesday with joy and religious fervour across the length and breadth of India, home to the world's third largest Muslim population.

Tens of thousands of Muslims, mostly men and children, poured into open prayer grounds and mosques to offer morning prayers to mark the end of the month-long Ramzan fasting.

Merriment followed the end of prayers. People hugged one another in keeping with tradition. In many areas, Muslims and non-Muslims greeted one another to mark Eid.

People then feasted on tantalising varieties of 'sevaiyan' (vermicelli pudding), 'firni' (rice pudding), meat and biryani, prepared specially for the day.

In Delhi, tens of thousands thronged the three biggest mosques - the 17th century Jama Masjid and Fatehpuri Masjid in Old Delhi and the Idgah mosque in central Delhi.
"The prayers began at 9 and got over in 15-20 minutes," Moulvi Mohammed Mouazzam Ahmed, the Naib Imam of Fatehpuri mosque, told IANS.

"The mosque was overflowing with worshippers and so were the streets all around it, almost up to Town Hall. I believe there were one lakh people in all... There was joy everywhere."

Many foreigners, diplomats as well as refugees, also joined the prayers and festivities. Special prayers were offered in numerous embassies in the capital.

Similar scenes were reported from all over the country, particularly in states with large Muslim populations like Jammu and Kashmir, Bihar, Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Kerala, West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh.

In the Kashmir Valley, thousands gathered at grounds and mosques to pray for peace. Large gatherings packed the Hazratbal shrine, Eidgah grounds as well as Polo grounds.
Many wore new clothes, and shopped after the prayers.
READ MORE :http://www.deccanherald.com/content/187511/india-celebrates-eid-kashmir-down.html

Girls Hostel Brand new Song By Ranjit Bawa

Chammak Challo – RA.One

Yaar anmulle movie desi dude song

Stunning blow to Sikh Aspirations -Sikh Marriage Act

The Sikhs had long been fighting for amendments to the Anand Karaj (Marriage) Act to convert it into a legislation governing their marriages. But the Centre’s decision to drop the proposal has dealt a blow to their aspirations. Perneet Singh takes an in-depth look into the issue 

Sikh leaders and scholars have reacted strongly to the Centre’s decision to drop the proposal for a Sikh Marriage Act, a major demand of the Sikhs since decades. Law Minister Salman Khursheed had yesterday informed Parliament that after receiving several representations for amendment to the Anand Marriage Act, 1909, the government had decided to drop the proposal. He was answering a query by Rajya Sabha member Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa (SAD).
The Sikhs have been fighting for amendments in the Anand Karaj (Marriage) Act, 1909, passed by Viceroy and Governor-General on October 22, 1909. The Act reads: “This Act would be extended to the whole of British India.” While introducing the Anand Marriage Act, the British Government had made it clear that it was being introduced to remove doubts as to the validity of the marriage ceremony of the Sikhs called “Anand”. Post-Independence, the Anand Marriage Act, 1909, was extended to the new provinces and states merged under the the Merged States (Laws) Act, 1949, and to the Union Territories in 1950 and Manipur and Tripura in 1956. The Act was brought into force in Meghalaya on January 21, 1972. However, Sikh marriages are not registered under it till date. The Sikh marriages performed under Sikh rites are registered either under the Hindu Marriage Act or the Special Marriage Act.

Anand Marriage Act, 1909
The Act’s salient features are:

All marriages which may be or may have been duly solemnised according to the Sikh marriage ceremony called “Anand” shall be deemed to have been with effect from the date of the solemnisation of each respectively, good and valid in law; nothing in this Act shall apply to: (a) any marriage between persons not professing the Sikh religion, or (b) any marriage which has been judicially declared null and void


Nothing in this Act shall affect the validity of any marriage duly solemnised according to any other marriage ceremony customary among the Sikhs.
Nothing in this Act shall be deemed to validate any marriage between persons related to each other in any degree of consanguinity or affinity which would, according to the customary law of the Sikhs, render a marriage between them illegal.


HINDU MARRIAGE ACT, 1955
The Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, extends to the whole of India, except Jammu and Kashmir, and applies also to Hindus domiciled in the territories to which this Act extends who are outside the said territories. This Act applies to:
Any person who is a Hindu by religion in any of its forms, including a Virashaiva, a Lingayat or a follower of the Brahmo, Prarthana or Arya Samaj
Any person who is a Buddhist, Jain or Sikh by religion; Any other person domiciled in the territories to which this Act extends who is not a Muslim, Christian, Parsi or Jew by religion, unless it is proved that any such person would not have been governed by the Hindu law or by any custom or usage as part of that law in respect of any of the matters dealt with herein if this Act had not been passed. The Act also states that the expression “Hindu” in any portion of this Act shall be construed to include a person who, though not a Hindu by religion, is, nevertheless, a person to whom this Act applies by virtue of the provisions contained in this section. As a result, the Anand Marriage Act 1909, which was the only piece of legislation applicable exclusively to Sikhs, has become redundant.


DIFFERENT CUSTOMS
So far, there is no provision for the registration of a marriage under the Anand Marriage Act, despite the fact that it has been on the statute books since 1909. As such, the Sikhs have to get their marriages registered either under the Hindu Marriage Act or the Special Marriage Act. This is the reason why Sikhs have had reservations on getting their marriages registered under the Hindu Marriage Act. The Sikhs contend that they are a separate religion with a different set of customs and there are several differences in the way marriage ceremonies are solemnised by followers of the two religions.
Guru Granth Sahib strictly prohibits idol or element worship, but in the Hindu marriage ceremony, the worship of nine constellations of stars is necessary and the Agni (fire) is a witness to the holy union. In case of the Sikhs, Sri Guru Granth Sahib is the witness.
A Sikh couple walks around the Holy Granth to the recitation of four hymns, known as "lawaan". A Hindu couple takes seven “pheras” around the Agni.
POST-INDEPENDENCE SCENARIO
Sikh scholars feel that the process of distinct laws for the Sikhs was undone by the policy adopted under Explanation II to Article 25 (2) of the Indian Constitution.This provision ensured that the Sikhs were included in the definition of Hindu. As a result, Sikhs come under the Hindu Marriage Act 1955, the Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956, the Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956, and the Hindu Succession Act, 1956.


AN EVENTFUL YEAR
The year 2008 turned out to be a momentous year for the Anand Marriage Act, 1909, with the Punjab Assembly passing the Punjab Compulsory Registration of Marriages Bill:2008 on March 12, 2008, paving the way for registration of marriages under the Anand Marriage Act: 1909. The Pakistan Govt, too, passed the draft of the Anand Marriage Act on January 23, 2008, to allow Sikhs to register marriages under a separate marriage Act.


WHAT IS ANAND KARAJ
Anand Karaj was introduced by third Sikh guru, Guru Amar Das. The four “lawaan” (hymns recited during the marriage ceremony) were composed by his successor Guru Ram Das
The Anand Karaj is governed by the Sikh “rehat maryada” (Sikh code of conduct) determined by the SGPC, according to which only those who follow the Sikh religion may marry under the ceremony
It also states that child marriage is invalid and that no account should be taken of the prospective spouse’s caste
The Anand Karaj usually takes place in a gurdwara, though it may also be conducted at the residence of bride or groom or any other place where Guru Granth Sahib has been installed
However, it must be ensured that the Holy Granth is installed following the proper procedure
According to an edict by Akal Takht, Anand Karaj is to take place only in a gurdwara and Guru Granth Sahib cannot be taken to a marriage hall for the purpose


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